The Evolutionary Perspective Of Origination Of Hiv And Aids

The Evolutionary Perspective of Origination of HIV and AIDS I. Abstract AIDS (Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) is disease caused HIV (human immunodeficiency viruses). This research paper describes the evolution and origination of HIV and AIDS. There are two types of HIVs. These are called HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIVs result multiple cross species transmission from SIV (simian immunodeficiency viruses) that is viruses that infects primates. HIV-1 comes from SIV from chimpanzees whereas HIV-2 comes from sooty mangabeys. HIV-1 has four sub groups these includes M, N, O, and P. Each of groups has resulted from independent cross-species transmission event. Group M is the most virulent, and it is the first to be discovered. HIV-2 has groups that ranges from A to H. SIV are infecting West Africa primates. This fact is based on the first pandemic HIV-1 has emerged in colonial West African, and most researchers have sampled primates from this region only. Newly emerged SIVs are resulted from multiple cross species transmission and recombination. The cross species tra nsmission occurs from non-humans to humans through eating bushmeat. The cross transmission influenced by host restriction factors, but HIVs were able to pass this barriers. Most SIV are non-pathogenic to the host; however, there is some evidence that some are pathogenic to their host. The age of the virus determined by using molecular clock method. Other studies have estimated the evolutionary timescale with same age as

Saint Cosmas of Aetolia was a Great Missionary from the...

Saint Cosmas of Aetolia is considered one of the great missionaries of the Orthodox Church. Much like Saint Paul, he traveled a great distance to proclaim the Gospel. He established schools and reinvigorated the Orthodox faithful of Greece who had endured several centuries of Ottoman occupation. Costa was his given name and he was born in 1714 in the village of Mega Dendron in the mountainous region of Aetolia. ? At age 20, he worked as a grammar teacher under the guidance of Archdeacon Ananias Dervisanos. Young Costa lived much like a monk in the world and after a number of years he was drawn to Mouth Athos. He first studied theology at the Athonias Academy near Vatopedi Monastery. # years later he joined the brotherhood at Philotheou Monastery and was tonsured a monk, given the name Cosmas, and was later ordained a priest. He later described Philotheou as the place where he wept over his sins. Cosmas was a zealous ascetic and lived a life of prayer and stillness. He was greatly enriched through the study of scripture and the church fathers. He spoke often about the necessity of scripture: â€Å"The existence of many churches neither preserves nor strengthens our faith to the proper extent and in the proper manner, if those who believe in God are not enlightened by the Old and the New Testament.† After seventeen years at Philotheou, Cosmas felt called to follow the path of Apostolic preaching. He sympathized with the plight of the Christians under Ottoman

Strategic Product Development for Global †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Strategic Product Development for Global Economy. Answer: Introduction: In the marketing strategy decision used by the company, product mix is always the best way to market a product. The name of the product is CALM which is produced by XYZ limited as an energy drink to be marketed and distributed in Australia and give major brands like Mother, Red bull and V(Baines, Fill and Rosengren, n.d.). Market penetration strategy is centered on two fronts which are product mix and pricing mix that are crucial if not fundamental for the success of the CALM brand of energy drinks. The product is to be a top notch energy drink that has limited side effects or harmful effect than its competitors and other drinks in the market. The marketing department objective is to ensure easy penetration of the product and command a sizeable market share in the largely infiltrated Australian soft drink and energy drink market. In product decision of Calm, XYZ limited has identified three layers of the product. The first layer is the core product, the second layer is the actual product and the third layer is the augmented product layer. This is the basic need benefit of the product. In core product, it is not tangible, you cant touch it. This is because the core product it a product of the benefit that makes the product in the limelight the product it is. It is what makes it valuable(Burrow and Bosiljevac, 2012). In this case, Calm, an energy drink has the benefit of being , energizing. It adds back energy to the body. Secondly, it is a thirst quencher, like water, Calm, can be used to quench ones thirst quickly and lastly it is nutritious and adds basic nutrients to the body like vitamins and iodine. This is the opposite of core product. It is the tangible benefit that the product brings to the body. In this product the energy drink can be bought and be drunk to give a person the energy he needs. It can also be differentiated to other energy drinks and its advantages and benefits can be to the person. It is what the normal person can get under the generic banner of the product(El Husseini, n.d.). This is the non- physical component of a product. It consists of the value added which may pay the premium or may not pay the premium required. In this product, Calm energy drinks give an extra can for three bought. So when one buys at least three cans of the energy drink, he is sure he will get an extra can as a top up for the product(Gordon, 2013). This is the benefit given the product consumer while the product can also be used to store any other drink if the customer wants. The determination of product price based on cost. The simplest method of pricing is the determination of surplus cost prices, that is, adding an additional standard margin to the cost of the product. Another approach to cost-oriented pricing is the determination of price at the point of equilibrium or a variation called target utility price determination(Kono and Lynn, 2007). The determination of the price to reach the point of equilibrium in the costs of manufacturing and selling a product or the determination of prices to obtain the utility that has been set as a goal. Brand name for the product that fulfills one of the brand dimensions The brand name of the product is called Calm. It is a nice word with easiness in its pronunciation making it more memorable. The brand name helps to market the product to a very great extent. Its easiness in pronunciation and Sales helps in marketing of the product. Brand loyalty creates various levels of customers(Marburger, n.d.). The very loyal customer to the brand name and the customers brought in by the loyal customers. It is important to note that brand name distinguishes itself from competition, encourages repeat sales, encourages new product sales and has product differentiation. A product or brand name should have the following characteristics to fulfill the brand dimension; It should be very easy to pronounce It should be highly recognizable and easily differentiated from its competitors It should be unique while also short It should be protectable legally For overseas sales, the product name should be easily translatable to other languages It reinforces the brand name CALM, the name given to the brand by XYZ limited fits all this characteristics therefore it is highly marketable and sellable(Milligan, 2012). As a marketing tool, XYZ Limited is a brand leader in marketing of products. Product Design and Packaging In packaging of the brand, the can or bottle that is used to put the soft drink is very unique. Considering the level of competition that is in the energy drink market, any slight mistake to look dull will lead to poor if not disastrous sales and marketability. Australia has a population of around 20 million. This is a very big market for the product(Mohout, 2015). However, soft drinks are associated with the young adults who have the suave and fashionable tendencies unlike the elderly population who arent so attracted to energy drinks. The design of the package should be attractive and unique in nature(Solomon, Marshall and Stuart, 2018). Plastic bottle is not very common although its cheaper than the light metallic container used in energy drinks. With the name of the brand being Calm, the packaging should show calmness and a sound aura. It should be bold and colorful to attract the masses. Marketing mix strategy should consider among other things the design of the product that are to be marketed. CALM fits the bill of very marketable products by its design as it is attractive, unique and recognizable.The very loyal customer to the brand name and the customers brought in by the loyal customers.The product is to be a top notch energy drink that has limited side effects or harmful effect than its competitors and other drinks in the market(Thomas, 2007). Price is a key component of an organizations marketing mix, which is also known as 4Ps. The other component is promotion, place and product. Although, market forces of demand and supply determine the price of a product, there are other factors that are considered to determine the pricing of a product. In this case the product is new in the market, thus, many factors come into play(Mohout, 2015).. For a company to choose the pricing objective that it will use, it is guided by the following factors; survival: in order to keep the business running, a company may lower prices of a product in order to increase sales and revenues. Some companies use survival based price objective, and is willing to accept losses that may be short term for the sake of business continuity or long term viability. Profit is the second pricing objective used by companies. Profit is affected by price both directly and indirectly. Direct effect relates to if the price covers the cost of producing the product(Bain es, Fill and Rosengren, n.d.).. Profits are affected indirectly by price when it influences how many units are sold of the product. The number of product sold can be affected by economies of scale which consequently affects price. Another pricing objective is boosting sales or market share. A companys market share measures sales of other companies against the sales of the company. A volume increase is measured against the companys sales across specific time periods. Status quo is a pricing objective that encourages competition on other factors other than price. Its main focus is maintaining market share, an example is the company matching competitors price rather than beating it. Status quo pricing strategy has a stabilizing effect on demand for a companys product. The best pricing objective that company XYZ should use is sales pricing objective. The reason for using this is because the company wants to improve its market share and also increase the number of units that the product pushes since its a new product in the market. They will be determined to sell as many units as possible of calm energy drink to improve the brands visibility in the market. XYZ Company should use penetration pricing strategies for the new energy drink product. The pricing point of the product should be set lower than that of the competitors. By placing the price of the product lower than that of the competitors the company is able to attract new customers to try out the energy drink(Milligan, 2012). . The advantage created by penetration pricing strategy is that XYZ Company increase its market share at a fast rate and move the product at a faster rate. The lower price are deliberately set to get a high turnover for Calm energy drink. Placing competitive price is a safe alternative as the market is already used to the existing products price. Fixing the price of a product should not be a simple decision, but one that we meditate and analyze well, because as we mentioned above, determines to a great extent our demand and our profits and, therefore, our profitability. New products have a distinctiveness that is doomed to progress from competitive inroads(Gordon, 2013).. After a period of market resistance of the product at the beginning, the product manages to catch up with its competitors in terms of sales. This price is usually lower than the competitors price, hence Calm selling price should be a few dollars lower than the other brands. Direct effect relates to if the price covers the cost of producing the product(Milligan, 2012). . Profits are affected indirectly by price when it influences how many units are sold of the product. Some companies use survival based price objective, and is willing to accept losses that may be short term for the sake of business continuity or long term viability. Special pricing tactics To push the sales of the companys products, the following pricing tactics should be considered by the company. The company should introduce penetration pricing by introducing special offers for its product. The aim of this tactic is to increase the products market share. The market is dominated by other brands which have been in the market for a long time, they have already established their brands in the market hence an offer price is an ideal strategy by XYZ Company to lure customers into trying the new product(Solomon, Marshall and Stuart, 2018).. This price is usually lower than the competitors price, hence Calm selling price should be a few dollars lower than the other brands. In the shart term , the company may experience low profits at the expense of increasing sales volumes and market share in the long run. The second tactic that can be used by XYZ Company is psychological pricing. This is setting the price at unusual levels for example,$12.99 for a unit of the product. Customers tend to think that $12.99 is cheaper than $13 , thus, will go for the cheaper brand. The company should set the price of the product one pence lower than the other brands , making the customer believe that other brands in the market are more expensive than Calm(Milligan, 2012). For customers looking for value , psychological selling is the method to use. XYZ company may also chose to apply competitor based pricing. Due to strong competition in the market, the company may chose to adopt a price taker strategy(Mohout, 2015).. The price will certainly not give XYZ Company a competitive advantage, and will not also have a competitive disadvantage(Solomon, Marshall and Stuart, 2018).. Faced by a variety of substitute products in the energy drink market, customers are mindful of what is reasonable price for the product which is also known as normal price. But for a company trying to increase its market share and sales volume this may not be a very wise strategy however, it may work only if the product has unique properties such as an attractive brand(Gordon, 2013). References Baines, P., Fill, C. and Rosengren, S. (n.d.). Marketing. Burrow, J. and Bosiljevac, J. (2012). Marketing. Mason, Ohio: South-Western Cengage Learning. El Husseini, S. (n.d.). EDLP versus hi-lo pricing strategies in retailing. Gordon, I. (2013). Managing the new customer relationship. 1st ed. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. Kono, T. and Lynn, L. (2007).Strategic new product development for the global economy. Basingstoke [England]: Palgrave Macmillan. Marburger, D. (n.d.).Innovative pricing strategies to increase profits. Milligan, S. (2012).Marketing strategies. Delhi: Research World. Mohout, O. (2015). Lean pricing. 1st ed. Brugge: Die Keure Professional Publishing. Raulerson, P., Malraison, J. and Leboyer, A. (2009).Building routes to customers. New York: Springer. Schindler, R. (2012). Pricing strategies. Los Angeles: SAGE. Solomon, M., Marshall, G. and Stuart, E. (2018).Marketing. Hoboken, NJ: Pearson. Thomas, A. (2007). Direct marketing in action. Westport, Conn.: Praeger Publishers.

What I Know To Be True.... free essay sample

Someone once told me that to write well, you have to write what you know. This is what i know -Drew Barrymore in Never Been Kissed I always had a fetish with notebooks and pens. Everytime I enter a Walgreens or CVS i always walk out with some a new journal and an array of ball point pens. It wasnt until the second grade when I realized that what I had here was more than an obsession with office supplies. My second grade teacher and I had an impeccable bond. He was my instructor, my role model, and my hero. (No, I didnt have a little school girl crush on him.) I remember the first time i gave him one of my thrown together work of art (my first short story). When i handed it to him, he gave me his usual corky smirk, it usually meant he knew i was up to something. We will write a custom essay sample on What I Know To Be True. or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Well, he sure was right because the short story turned into a passion. Im now in Journalism II, and a copy editor of my schools newspaper. But, I write this today not to show you how creative my writing is or to show you my accomplishments. Im here to tell you that my writing will go far, becuase this i know to be true.

buy custom Critical Analysis essay

buy custom Critical Analysis essay The Importance of Being Earnest is a play written by Oscar Wilde, which was first performed in 1895 at the St. James's Theatre in London. In this play, Oscar Wilde introduces the protagonists that make an attempt to escape from the social obligations. This play focuses on the desire of two selfish gentlemen, John Worthing and Algernon Moncrieff, to marry two girls (Wilde 12). Both characters introduce themselves as Ernest in order to attract these girls. However, in the end, they are disclosed and the girls discover the truth about young men. In the final scene, it appears that John and Algernon are brothers. Moreover, one of them is really named Ernest. In this play, Oscar Wilde raises many social and moral issues, such as hypocrisy, platitude etc., though a political aspect was not left without attention too. Thus, the main theme of this play is deriding moralism and hypocrisy in the Victorian age and their impact on the social standards of that time, and to develop this theme, Osc ar Wilde utilizes a variety of symbols and imagery. At first glance, the play seems to be about the nature of marriage and its positive and negative sides. For instance, Lane states that marriage is considered to be a pleasant event only if it is not ones own marriage (Wilde 23). However, the play The Importance of Being Earnest is oriented to a reader who is able to notice what lies beneath the mask of marriage. The true point of this play is the immoral actions of a moral society where nobody truly obeys the morality, and everybody only wears the mask of decency. Oscar Wilde tries to introduce the true image of society of the Victorian age through the paradigm of sarcasm and humor. However, he is not concerned about ientifying what is moral and what is immoral. He believes that it is funnier to present the strict moral code of the Victorian society and the despicable attempts of people to define what others should or should not do. Hence, one faces misunderstanding because people are the only ones who create the standards that they themselves do not want to maintain, but they believe that others should do it. The name of the play includes a moral paradox itself. Earnestness, which involves being serious and being sincere, becomes the main object of Wildes satire. According to this fact, earnestness becomes the opposite side of morality in The Importance of Being Earnest. This phenomenon may be presented in various forms, such as sense of duty, pomposity, complacency, boringness or self-righteousness. Wilde sees all these qualities in the society of the Victorian age and tries to demonstrate these qualities, using the bright example of contemporary gentlemen. In fact, the meaning of all words is misunderstood in this play; the characters have their own vision of each quality. For instance, the word serious is viewed as trivial; Algernon says that it is shallow for people not to be serious about meals. Oscar Wilde views earnest in two different ways: as a notion of morals and a notion of false truth. The moralism of the Victorian age does not give the correct name of the same meanings. For instance, if a member of this society believes that something is decent, it does not mean that decent is really what this individual thinks. According to this fact, the plays paradox predetermines that one cannot be earnest in reality if he/she claims that he/she is earnest. Hence, those characters that are cconsidered to be trivial or sinful may in fact appear to be the most noble and trustworthy. In his play, the author utilizes much symbolism and imagery. For instance, the double life is an essential metaphor in the Wildes literary work that is symbolized in the notion of Bunburying or Bunbury. As it is delineated by Algernon, Bunburying means creating a complicated deception that allows one to misbehave while seeming to sustain the uppermost norms of responsibility and duty. Jacks imaginary, rebellious brother named Ernest is a tool for evading moral and social responsibilities. In addition, he gives Jack an opportunity to appear far more ethical and conscientious than he in fact is. Another symbol here is food and eating as a whole, which appear in the play rather frequently and are nearly always the cause of conflicts. To conclude, The Importance of Being Earnest is the play that reveals various problems of the Victorian society. Oscar Wilde makes an attempt to illustrate the wickedness of the society in a satiric manner. He despises the society, in which the dignities and virtues lose its true meaning. People use a word to name something, but they do not really mean what they say. Hence, the entire sense of all words is lost; everybody means what he/she wants to mean, but not what a word really means. Oscar Wilde demonstrates that even the most honorable people of that era do not know what is right and what is wrong from the moral point of view; they only do what is accepted by the social standards and what seems acceptable to them. Thus, the title of this play indicates importance to use the real meanings of the words, but not those that one wants it to mean. Buy custom Critical Analysis essay

Five Mistakes to Avoid When Entering Writing Contests

Five Mistakes to Avoid When Entering Writing Contests Naturally youd love to win a prize for your writing. Most writers crave affirmation and reward, and like everyone else, you need money. You proof your work, read the guidelines, and submit Well yes and no. Things arent quite as simple as that, and here are some pitfalls to avoid. Ive made pretty much all of these mistakes over the years and when I stopped doing them, I won 20 writing contests. DONT: 1. Read only How to Enter page but not the Terms and Conditions and FAQs pages. On the How to Enter page youve been told to write a story up to 2,000 words on the theme of Whatever, and email it. Who could blame you if you do just that? Unfortunately vital information often hides on other pages. In the Terms and Conditions, for instance, you may find that entries have to be in a certain font. In the FAQs you may find that stories containing profanity will be disqualified. Check every page on the site that pertains to the competition. Its a pain, but it saves wasting your time. 2. Proof your piece in too short a time. Youve proofread your work. In fact youve read it through six times! Great, but did you read it six times one after the other? If theres time before the deadline, leave the piece for a week or longer so that you can proofread with fresh eyes. Even then theres a danger of seeing what you meant to write rather than what you actually wrote. Ideally youre fixed up with a writing comp buddy, and you proof each others comp entries. 3. Forget to check the time zone. You know the deadline, but make check the time zone. If its GMT and youre on EPT, find out when exactly you need to get your entry in. Its very frustrating to miss out 4. Send your elegant sonnet to a competition that likes heartwarming tales of people who overcome lifes obstacles, or vice versa. If its the inaugural year of the competition you may have no precise theme or detailed instructions to go on. In that case, gauge the tone and style of the website and research the judges. If the competition has run in previous years, read the winners. Youre unlikely to win with a clone of a winning piece from last year, but youll understand the type of writing the judges like. 5. Logic yourself out of entering. Youve written the piece, followed the guidelines, and read the rules and FAQs. Youve proofed your entry. Then you have a thought sequence that goes something like this: There will be thousands of entrants. Is it really worth it? Logically, its a waste of time entering. You dont enter, convinced that youve been sensible. Have you, though? If theres an entry fee and you cant afford it, then yes. If you know of a better home for your piece, then yes. Otherwise, no. Your piece may not win, but you dont know how many entries there will be in even a free competition. One that I won had just 20 entrants. And you never know how you compare to the talent of the other writers. You just might be the cream of the crop!

Comparison of how the international community (focusing here e.g. on Essay

Comparison of how the international community (focusing here e.g. on the UN, OSCE and Council of Europe) is dealing with Chechnya and Kosovo (independence) - Essay Example He uses Nietzsche to show how empty and meaningless a world with opposing politics might become. The end of the history is a very unsatisfying place. We are always looking for values and something that is worth fighting for. The question then becomes how to fight for the values we believe in. For the international community two key tests would show how they dealt with the new world that had suddenly appeared after the Cold War. One, Kosovo, would indicate someone like Fukuyama was right: a new world order committed to promoting certain key values had indeed taken center stage. The other, Chechnya, indicated nothing much had changed and that might makes right. As Robert Kagan writes in his book Of Paradise and Power, the Balkan Wars were one of the first stumbling blocks to the concept of a peaceful new world order. It turned out that having the US as the lone power in the world was not a solution to problems around the world. There was simply too much to be responsible for. As was demonstrated in the Balkans in the 1990s, Europeans weren’t able to project a credible military force even within Europe. This was a painful time for Europe. Instead of solving global conflicts, they looked inward. The Europeans resorted to the only real talent they had at the time: endless diplomatic measure through international institutions such as the UN. The success of European integration and solving the "German problem" had led a lot of Europeans at the time, Kagan writes, to believe that they live in a Kantian paradise where international institutions could banish war forever. This illusion came crashing down with the Balkans, where the Europeans were powerless in the early 1990s, and Chechnya, where they chose to turn a blind eye, intimidated by an unstable and resurgent Russia, and unable to finding a compelling political reasons to engage. There are obviously interests but, in comparison with

Case Study#1 Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

#1 - Case Study Example In the state of Florida, it can be found out that most of the wildlife has been safeguarded by one or the other law. Such laws of Florida have been enacted by the governments at the various level including local, regional, state or federal (Schaefer, Tucker & McGurie, â€Å"Laws that Protect Florida’s Wildlife†). The other law regarding that of two weeks counselling prior to marriage, for the interracial couples, has been enacted for the best interest of the couple. As, the involved individuals in such marriages are often from a very different cultural and economic background, so it can be identified that such counselling would help the future husband and wife to know each other better. Though it seems that the both the law statutes have been enacted for the greater good of the society, one to reduce the pollution content and save the ecological balance by protecting the extinct species of blood and the other contributing towards post marriage harmony but one might not like the statutes. The person travelling from outside the state of Minnesota might feel that he has to incur extra cost in lieu of pollution resistant device in his vehicle. The interracial couple can also have reservations as they are adult and the state can not impose them the counselling sessions. In such cases, the affected parties might appeal to the higher court of law i.e. the court of appeal. If the legislation permits, they can also appeal to the apex court i.e. the Supreme Court. As discussed earlier, the law of the land should not impose certain statutes upon the mature adults. If any of the individual decided to choose upon his life partner, who happens to be from a different race, the legalities of the nation should not compel him to have mandatory counselling session for two weeks. As matured individual adults, they have the right to get married to the person they want to. Also, it is very hurting

Todays Technology Essay Example for Free

Todays Technology Essay Innovation and creativity, these are the benchmarks that pave the way in producing new ideas in technology. The common notion with regard to technology always goes both ways; it is either beneficial or it is detrimental. As time moves on, technology has been constantly evolving towards the future but despite these, technology has harmed our very society. Although the modern day technology has far exceeded the expectations of humanity, it still does not discount the fact that technology has produced more harm than good in society. Most people often talk about the wonders and advantages of the internet. Some even state that the internet is a place of solitude where one can escape the hazards of reality. Moreover, the internet brings about tons of romance. It is actually now common for couples to meet in the internet. The internet lets people nourish their relationships through chat rooms, email, news groups and web pages. However, news of abuses, blackmails and money-making schemes have been rampant is such places. As romantic as these places can be, they are also quite dangerous. On an average, increases in depression are about one percent for every hour spent on line per week. Furthermore, online activity resulted in increased loneliness as well (Stoll 270). The internet is a social technology used for communication, yet it results in the declining social involvement and psychological well-being of a person. In a modern home, it is sad to say that working parents spend a total of six to eight minutes a day talking with their children. Some of these parents have high tech jobs and they are willing to be on call the entire twenty-fours of the day. Thus, what is left in their homes is usually   an empty house and of course, the television. Children normally watch television in their bedrooms. In most cases, parents have no idea what their children are watching or doing. Truth be told, some children fail elementary school because parents use televisions as babysitters. People use the internet as a means to keep in touch through email. Aside from this, new friendships blossom in online interest groups. The downside of this is that we lose our real friends to online friends. Online friends cannot help us with neighborly favors such as small loans, babysitting, help with shopping, or advice about jobs and careers. Moreover, the internet has contributed to the significant declines in social involvement within the family. Email, telephones, and faxes all prevent or lessen our basic skills of interacting with people face to face. Those that deal with the computer everyday do not have the slightest idea on the basic social rules of conversation. They will not learn how to properly barge into conversations or how to express one’s self to another. It will be frightening for them to speak to in front of a live audience. Nor will they understand when or why to be silent. Children usually come home from school and their parents let them play video games daily. Usually these children develop a low self-esteem. They become shy and awkward around people. Usually they are actually uncomfortable around other children and they feel that they even do not belong to school. But the most concerning thing about the video games is the violent influence it gives to the children. Technology has developed robots that have taken over jobs in most modern day factories and industries. There are even robot vacuum cleaners that take the exercise out of people doing daily chores. It is even quite hilarious to see in some schools where they have computers teaching in classes rather than a teacher himself or herself. Even the simple joy of shopping with the entire family is robbed from every home because of Ebay and other online producers. Today’s techology possesses and presents an unwanted negative side to the world.   The time that a person may have spent talking with another or playing tennis is wasted sitting behind the monitor of a computer. Take the time to visit your family and spend quality time with your children. As what has been said earlier, although today’s technology is now far more advanced, it has done more harm than good to society.

Government of Spain :: essays research papers fc

The Government of Spain Political System   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Spain is a parliamentary monarchy. Chief of state is the hereditary monarch and the head of government is the President of the Government. The President designates the cabinet which is called the Council of Ministers. Spain is also has a bicameral legislative branch. The General Courts or National Assembly or Las Cortes Generales consists of the Senate or Senado and the Congress of Deputies or Congreso de los Diputados (CIA World Factbook). In order for legislation to pass the two chambers must agree. Proposals of laws issued by the Senate are discussed at Congress in a Plenary Session in order to be accepted or tabled veto or be amended. The proposal of the law passes to the study of a Commission. The Commission writes a short text about the proposal which will be discussed and voted in Plenary Session. Once the text is approved by the Congress proposal of law is submitted by its President to the Senate. Senate may then accept, block a veto or make amendments. If Senate rejects the text by an absolute majority then the text goes back to Congress which can at that point either approve the bill or proposal of law by the same majority required at the Senate or Congress can wait for two months and approve the text by a simple majority. In both cases the text is the one approved initially by Congress. If Senate introduces amendments, Congress only has to accept or reject them by a simple majority. If the text is accepted without any modifications then the text is ready to be sanctioned by the King (U.S. Library of Congress). Electoral System A party must obtain a minimum of 3 percent of the vote in order to qualify for parliamentary representation. Each province is to have a minimum of two seats in the Congress of Deputies, plus one additional seat for every 144,500 inhabitants or fraction over 70,000 inhabitants (U.S. Library of Congress). Members of Congress are elected by popular vote on block lists by proportional representation to serve four-year terms. Each province is allotted four seats in the Senate, regardless of population. Members of the Senate are directly elected by popular vote for 208 seats and 51 are appointed by the regional legislatures to serve four-year terms (CIA World Factbook). Election Results/ Party System   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As of today the number of parties present in the Senate totals six.

Discrimination Against Body Art

Discrimination Against People with Body Art Employers should not discriminate against people who have body art. A few reasons why is because people should not judge people on how they look, body art does not affect peoples working abilities, and its a form of art so people should be able to express it. If someone chooses to have some form of body art, people should accept their decision, and not judge on their appearance.Just because someone has body mean, does not mean they are not capable of doing the same work as other people. When at an interview, body art can determine weather or not you get the job. The person with body art could have been a better match for the job, but the employer would probably want someone else, that does not have body art. â€Å"The question comes down to ability: body decorations don't affect the reliability of an employee, so employers who value ability over appearance are starting to overlook body art.Even with that, though, nearly half of the employe rs surveyed in a National Association of Colleges and Employers study stated that a â€Å"nontraditional appearance† would sway their hiring decisions. † – Phebe A. Dunrand, from the Yahoo! Contributor Network Body art is a form of art, and could also be part of someones religion. People should be able show it without being discriminated against. It might offend someone if another person discriminates against them because it could mean something important to them. These are the reasons why employers should not discriminate against people who have body art

Governements Use Fiscal Policy to Help Them Achieve Their Macroeconomic Objectives

Explain what is meant by this statement and discuss specific fiscal measures that the UK government has implemented in recent years to influence economic activity in the built environment. Definitions: FISCAL POLICY: â€Å"A combination of government spending and taxation used to achieve macroeconomic management. (The flow of government money in and out of the treasury. † (Danny Myers, 2006, pgs 75&126) MACROECONOMIC OBJECTIVES: â€Å"Targets relating to the whole economy, such as employment, price, stability and the balance of payments. † (Danny Myers, 2006, pg128) The Governments Macroeconomic (nations economy) objectives: 1. Low inflation/stable prices 2. Sustained economic growth 3. Low unemployment 4. Balance of payments between imports and exports (keeping money within the country as well as spending abroad 5. Environmental protection 6. Redistribution of income and wealth to poorRECENT YEARS: The fiscal measures looked at in this essay will be taken from 1990 onw ards. ECONOMIC ACTIVITY: â€Å"The production and distribution of goods and services at all levels. † (Wall Street Words, David L. Scott. 2003) THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT: â€Å"The built environment is made up of various types of property (residential, commercial, industrial etc); linked by infrastructure (sewers, canals, roads, tunnels etc) and separated by spaces in between (parks, woods, playing fields, landscaped areas, squares etc)†. (Danny Myers, 2006, pg6)AGGREGATE DEMAND: â€Å"All planned expenditures for the entire economy summed together. † (Danny Myers, 2006, pg123) †¢By influencing Government taxation and expenditure, aggregate demand can be stimulated to achieve Macroeconomic objectives such as; price stability, full employment and economic growth. †¢It is the total demand for goods and services in an economy. EXPANSIONARY FISCAL POLICY: †¢Increase in government spending and/or a decrease in taxes that causes the government’s budg et deficit to increase or budget surplus to decrease. This is a method used in a recession to stimulate the economy by providing each household with more disposable income, which can be used for consumption expenditures, which then stimulates aggregate production. It also decreases unemployment, which leads to further increases in income. CONTRATIONARY FISCAL POLICY: †¢Decrease in government spending and/or an increase in taxes that causes the government’s budget deficit to decrease or its budget surplus to increase. †¢Decreases the amount of disposable income per household meaning the output and national income is less.EXPLANATION OF STATEMENT: ‘Governments use fiscal policy to help them to achieve their macroeconomic objectives’ Fiscal policy deals with the governments spending and taxation. There are two types of fiscal policy, Expansionary and Contrationary. When the government needs to stimulate the economy by increasing public spending then they w ill decrease taxes so that each household has more disposable income to be spent on consumer goods. In turn this puts more money back into the economy, creating more jobs and encouraging economic growth.An increase in aggregate demand leads to a higher inflation as there is more money being spent on limited goods and services, which pushes the prices up. To counteract this the government decreases taxation and spending, so that consumer households have less disposable income to spend on goods and services, this decreases aggregate demand and brings inflation back down with it. To achieve a balance of stable prices the government must mediate between the two. SPECIFIC FISCAL MEASURES: STAMP DUTY HOLIDAY:The Stamp Duty holiday was introduced in September 2008 whereby properties worth between ? 125,000 and ? 175,000 were to be temporarily exempt from stamp duty. The stamp duty on this particular property bracket was 1% of the sale price, therefore saving a potential ? 1,750. The intent ion of the holiday was to boost demand in the property market by encouraging first time buyers to take advantage of the saving and buy a house. More money is then borrowed as people take advantage of this, which has the effect of boosting the mortgage market as well.According to the Council of Mortgage Lenders (CML), 132,500 house purchase mortgage transactions have benefited from the holiday; this is the equivalent of 25% of the overall 486,400 house purchase loans in the period. Buyers have saved 173 million from the holiday rather than the 600 million the government forecasted. The success is questionable as the incentive was supposedly directed at lower income areas to the North, the Midlands, Wales and Scotland where as, the majority of the benefits have gone to the richer areas in the SE.As this area in particular was hit by the recession the least and where the housing market is the strongest, the governmental loss of the taxation seems to have been wasted. The holiday ended on the 31st December 2009. Although there has been a brief stimulation in the current housing market the number of transactions is still at an all time low. The figures may fall further now that stamp duty has been reinstated, meaning that the government may have to explore other options. AGGREGATES LEVY â€Å"The Aggregates levy is a tax on sand, gravel and rock that is dug from the ground or dredged from the sea in UK waters.The tax addresses the environmental damage caused by these business activities in the form of noise, dust and loss of biodiversity. † (www. businesslink. gov. uk, Environmental tax obligations and breaks (online), (07. 01. 2010). The Levy was introduced on the 1st April 2002 setting out to address the macroeconomic objective of environmental protection while trying to retain sustainable economic growth. The idea is that the tax should make the cost of the aggregates better reflect the cost to the environment and should therefore influence business decis ions to become more eco-friendly and efficient.In terms of the Built Environment this encourages sustainable development, â€Å"The creation and responsible management of a healthy built environment based on resources efficient and ecological principals† (Charles. Kibert,1994). This definition incorporates six principals, (Miyatake, 1996) †¢Minimisation of resource consumption †¢Maximisation of resource reuse †¢Use renewable and recyclable resources †¢Protection of the natural environment †¢Creation of a healthy and non-toxic environment †¢The pursuit of quality in creating the built environment There is an argument that taxes such as this will damage international Competitiveness.The common object of development is to keep the cost as low as possible, to have a minimal construction period and to have the best quality possible. With increased taxation on these materials investors may become more cautious due to the rising cost, which is to be kep t as low as possible, therefore there is a possibility of the UK losing international business. This is just part of the problem between economic growth and environmental protection as both have the potential to hinder the other. However some of the tax revenue accumulated will go towards a sustainability fund.This will be spent through various agencies to promote new innovative ways to protect the environment and provide good quality construction at the same time. The Aggregate levy is a further development of the original ‘Landfill Tax of 1996. ’ This was set to influence the management of waste by encouraging a movement away from the cost of disposing waste in a landfill to a cheaper and more productive way of reusing waste materials. Both have helped to make businesses greener which agrees with the macroeconomic objective of Environmental protection. THE THAMES GATEWAY REGENERATION PROJECTThe Thames gateway regeneration project includes an area stretching 40 miles E ast of inner East London, both sides of the Thames and the Estuary. The area has been targeted for urban regeneration by both government and developers. There are an estimated 1. 6 million people living in this area, which has been deemed one of the most depraved in the UK. This is because of the lack of access to public transport, services, employment and affordable quality housing. The government wishes to gentrify this brownfield site to make the most of the economic potential of the gateway, and to encourage new investment and job opportunities. The Government Delivery Plan, 29th November 2007, Yvette Cooper) The project is co-ordinated by The Department For Communities and Local Government who continue to invest 3bn every year alongside the regional development agencies, the London Development agency, the East England Development agency and the SE England Development agency. (Thames Gateway Annual Report 2008/09). The Gateway project was drawn up in 1995 with the government hop ing to achieve 225,000 new jobs and 200,000 new houses by 2016. In this area there is emphases on developing town centres, public spaces and infrastructure to attract new investment to expand the economy.The Government hopes for this project to lead the way in terms of environmental jobs, new technologies and environmental improvements to existing homes and buildings. The Government is insuring this by providing funds for an eco-risk assessment of the housing programmes, energy savings methods for green housing and a zero construction waste target across the gateway. This project seems to have a lot of potential, however the timing of the recession limits the productivity and investment that it needs. The shortage of mortgages makes it difficult to sell the new housing at the arranged rices, which in turn can reduce investor confidence when companies are to buy up the land for housing developments. CONCLUSION From this essay it is clear that to some extent fiscal policies can be use d to help achieve macroeconomic objectives. From the examples shown, a combination of taxation and government expenditure has been directed at particular areas in the built environment to attain certain results. The construction industry makes up a large proportion of the UK economy and the government seems to be very focused on the issue of sustainable economic growth and environmental protection.The policies such as the ‘Aggregates levy’ and ‘landfill tax’ are addressing the objective of Environmental protection by playing a large part in the way buildings are constructed or demolished. By promoting the use of recycling of materials and reuse, the future of development will change for the better. This is seen in the Thames gateway regeneration project where they are leading the way for the future of construction by using eco friendly and sustainable methods. At the same time they are creating a huge investment opportunity, which will lead to the continued sustained growth of our economy.There will be an improved standard of living for the people who once lived in a depraved area by increasing the once lower levels of employment. From the Stamp Duty we can see that the government was trying to use this tax break to boost the property sector of the UK economy in a time of decline. However I do not believe that this has necessarily achieved its goal. The housing market may well fall again and the aim of helping people of lower income to get on the property ladder has not had its desired effect as the benefits did not go to the poorer areas in mind.

The Withered Arm Essays

The Withered Arm Essays The Withered Arm Paper The Withered Arm Paper Essay Topic: Literature In this essay I am going to try my best to answer the question Who do you think is to blame for the tragedy of The Withered Arm? I will attempt to include as much information and reasons to whom I think is to be blamed and why. I will try to justify these reasons with various quotes and descriptions by referring to the text. Thomas Hardy was born in 1840 and died in 1825. He was a great novelist who wrote many famous novels such as Mayor of Casterbridge and Far From The Madding Crowd. These novels are now known for being classic literature. Most of the novels he wrote were depressing and ironic. The Withered Arm is one of many Thomas Hardy short novels, it is set in the late 1800s in a village called Holmstoke that has a small rural community of mostly milkmaids. There are three main characters in this novel they consist of: Farmer Lodge; a wealthy and respected man, who is well known for his good reputation. Also there is Rhoda Brook; a not so wealthy woman and less fortunate than Farmer Lodge with a reputation of being a witch. Lastly there is also Gertrude Lodge; she is Farmer Lodges new wife. .. They say shes rosy-cheeked, titsy-totsy little body enough. They/The men become ill and frustrated. At the end of the story they have an argument, that ends tragically. Kayerts accidently kills Carlier because of some sugar he wants to have in his tea. On the next day, before the boat arrives, Kayerts kills himself/commits suicide. 2. This book is both a psychological thriller and a political statement. Written in 1896, Joseph Conrad gives an account of two white traders, Carlier and Kayerts, who are out- posted in Africa at a trading station. Although the Europeans do trade goods, their underlying purpose is to export civilization, from Europe to Africa. Carlier and Kayerts are living in colonial times. England and other European countries have control over Africa. The native people are seen as in need of being civilized. 3. As the steamer that drops them off fades into the distance, Carlier and Kayerts already begin to feel uneasy. Out in the jungle with no other Europeans to support their views about the world, they sense that they are out of their element, and not up to the task they have been assigned. Their predecessor lies.. 4. Summary 5. Kayerts and Carlier are put in charge of a remote and . unpromising trading station on a river. Its previous agent 7. died of fever and his grave, marked by a cross, forms part 8. of the outpost. The director of the trading company, who 9. predicts their failure, leaves them with enough provisions 10. to last for the six months until his envisaged return. Makola, 11. ‘a civilized nigger’ who lives with his family on the outpost, 12. is responsible for the acquisition and storage o f ivory and is 13. in charge of the ten black men working (not very effectively) 14. at the post. The other group of natives, ‘Father’ Gobila’s 15. people, are friendly and provide the station with local 16. supplies. When a group of fierce-looking black strangers 17. appears in the compound, Makola behaves very strangely 18. and makes clandestine arrangements to sell the ten station 19. men to the strangers in return for six beautiful tusks that 20. are deposited in the yard. It gradually dawns on Kayerts 21. and Carlier that they have become involved in a terrible 22. crime, but after discarding their initial pangs of guilt are 23. omforted by the thought of lucrative commissions on the 24. ivory. The steamer is late, their provisions are running low 25. and the physical and mental state of the two white men 26. deteriorates rapidly. Demoralized by a quarrel over the last 27. lumps of sugar, they begin to fight, and Kayerts shoots the 28. unarmed Carlier in what he believes to be self-defence. 29. When the steamer finally arrives, the director discovers 30. Kayerts’s body hanging from the cross with his tongue 31. disrespectfully stuck out at him. Withered arm In a novel structured around contrasts, the main opposition is between Swithin St Cleeve and Lady Viviette Constantine, who are presented as binary figures in a series of ways: aristocratic and lower class, youthful and mature, single and married, fair and dark, religious and agnostic†¦she [Lady Viviette Constantine] is also deeply conventional, absurdly wishing to conceal their marriage until Swithin has achieved social status through his scientific work, which gives rise to uncontrolled ironies and tragic-comic misunderstandings (Harvey 108). | †| Hardy’s stories take into onsideration the events of life and their effects. Fate plays a significant role as the thematic basis for many of his novels. Characters are constantly encountering crossroads, which are symbolic of a point of opportunity and transition. Far From the Madding Crowd tells a tale of liv es that are constructed by chance. â€Å"Had Bathsheba not sent the valentine, had Fanny not missed her wedding, for example, the story would have taken an entirely different path. †[13] Once things have been put into motion, they will play out. Hardys characters are in the grips of an overwhelming fate. [edit] Poetry Thomas Hardy was born and grew up near Dorchester in the county town of Dorset. Dorset was the inspiration of most of his work although he did include areas such as Devon, Somerset, Cornwall, Hampshire, Wiltshire, Berkshire and Oxfordshire. Various stories written by Thomas Hardy have been based, borrowed and enhanced from experiences told to many generations of the Hardy family. The areas the stories are set around are a fictional country called Wessex, based on the area he lived up in. By setting the stories in an area well known to Hardy he is able to go into detail, but also make them sound as realistic as possible. Hardy even uses the regional dialect to bring his stories to life and make the reader think they are there. By locating the stories in the countryside, Hardy gives the stories a slower, more relaxed way of life, with different values to those illustrating inner city life. The countryside generally consists of a closer network of people compared to the city life, because of the smaller more involved community, people may care more of what other individuals think of them which generates the different values, principles and morals. From the story, The Withered Arm, I have chosen to investigate the character, Rhoda Brook. In the story, Rhoda plays an interesting character, motivated by her initial jealously towards other people. Rhodas character is one that develops throughout the story. Hardy lets his readers imagine what Rhoda looks like as he gives little description of her physical appearance. He does state that she is tall from the quote, aâ‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦and if shes tall as tall as I taken from page 2. He also reveals she has dark eyes, a quote from page 5 follows Her eyes, then, are not dark like mine? This can be perceived in two slightly different ways. The obvious first is that of a physical feature. The second less apparent characteristic is of a devious, manipulative and possibly scheming aspect, perhaps based on her own personality. It is clear that Rhoda does not have the choice to work or not, and, later it becomes apparent that she lives on her own with her son, who is around the age of twelve. Rhoda is determined to ensure that her son admires her. His personal view of his mother is important to her; she may feel threatened by Farmer Lodges new wife and this maybe the reason why she sent her son out to see what she looks like. This inflicts a shallow, insecure view of herself, in that she believes physical characteristics are more significant than personality. As a mother it is important to Rhoda to protect her son from any idol gossip he may hear about her from the village where they live. This is possibly why they moved away. However, at the beginning of the story when the milking maids were talking about Rhoda and Framer Lodge she did not seem too worried about what other people thought of her. She wishes to keep her son away from anything that may encourage him to resent her. Rhodas relationship towards the male characters in the story is barely existent. Rhoda avoids conversation with most males. This may have something to do with past experiences; perhaps she had been hurt from previous relationships and now avoids any contact with the opposite sex. She possesses a great amount of hatred towards Farmer Lodge this may be, for not accepting or acknowledging her sibling on the account of their failed relationship. The only positive relationship Rhoda has with a male character in the story is her son, Jamie. The first impressions of Rhoda are noticeably different to the ones found whilst looking into her character more intensely. My personal first impressions of her were of a woman driven by jealously and the need to be in control of every situation. However, looking further into her disposition she simply has an insecure view of situations. To outside people she may come across as a strong character, though deep down, she is more emotional than the male characters in the story. Rhoda rarely involves herself with any conversation, however she is respectful towards other people, though on occasions she does misinterpret situations, which may be looked upon as disrespectful. This can be interpreted from the pages 9 to 10, where upon Gertrude appears at Rhodas house from some boots from her son. By the way Rhoda acts towards Gertrude implies to the reader that she is jealous and embarrassed, as she cannot provide for her own offspring. Another reason why Rhoda may have come across as disrespectful to Gertrude is because of her own fear of her son rejecting her. Within the small community in which Rhoda lives, other women view Rhoda as an outcast. From the beginning of the story in the cow dairy Thomas Hardy makes it clear to the reader that Rhoda is not very involved with local gossip and that perhaps she lacks communication with other people. An example of this is at the start in the dairy, when there is much conversation going on about Farmer Lodge, Rhoda does not get involved. This is reiterated when members of the cow dairy begin to talk about Rhoda behind her back. Rhoda makes no effort to confront these comments and presumably carries on with her work. Rhoda barely goes into her local parish and market, and usually sends her son to do any odd jobs for her. She says to him on page 2, I shall send you for a few things to marketaâ‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦ Rhoda and her son, also live considerably far away from the market, this was taken from, aâ‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦your house is the nearest outside our own parish. This may imply that Rhoda and her son live in the middle of two different parishes, or perhaps she does not live within a parish, both these suggestions cause difficulties for Rhoda if ever she wanted to be more involved with community events. Rhodas quirky character varies a lot, from other females that live within the network where she lives and works. However I feel there is a strong connection between Rhoda and Gertrude, in that they are both strong outcasts in the co mmunity. Event though much they may dispute it, their characters are very alike. The narrative viewpoint differs from each story. The Sons Veto and The Withered Arm are written by using an omniscient narrator, which is a use of narrator that is not a character within the story. Whereas, Tony Kytes the Arch Deceiver uses first person narrative. 1st person narrative is when the story is told by one of the characters point of view. This may seem more friendly and authentic because of the use of the local regional dialect. However by using one character to explain the story we can only experience and explore their feelings and point of view, which gives a biased and perhaps fiction analysis over situations. The omniscient style of narrative sees everything, which gives an unbiased view of what is happening in the story they are more truthful and factual then the use of a 1st person narrative. Depending on the different personalities of the readers influences the way they read and interpret different styles of writing. To some people omniscient narrative encourages them to sympathise towards particular characters, as they are aware of everything that is happening and all the different feelings from the characters are expressed, generated and articulated. However other readers may feel that because all the feelings of all the characters are expressed they are basic and therefore find it difficult sympathise and relate to any of the characters. 1st person narrative only gives the viewpoint from one character, this may encourage the reader to sympathise with the character telling the story as it persuades them that they are involved in the story, as the character is talking directly to them. However certain people may find it hard to sympathise with this style of writing as it may promote the curiosity of how other characters are feeling and as a consequence may cause the reader to reject the character telling the story. This can be related to the story, Tony Kytes the Arch Deceiver as the story ends we begin to feel a great amount of anxiety towards Tony because of the way he treats Milly. We do not sympathise with Tony. Whilst comparing and contrasting these stories I have noticed similarities and differences between them. Each character has strong and weak points about their personality. Rhoda is weak because she doesnt want to get hurt, Sophy is weak because she moved away from her village to avoid public mockery and Milly is weak for accepting Tonys marriage proposal knowing that she wasnt his first choice. However Rhoda is strong because she does not care what people think about her, she tends to rise above gossip also she is a single mother and has raised her child on her own. Sophy is strong because she has carried on living her life despite what happened to her after her accident. Milly is also strong because she has shown that despite how Tony has treated her she has stood up and shown she loves him by saying she will marry him. Rhoda and Sophy have learnt to put other people before themselves because each of them have children this may encourage them to be less selfish and learn to accept they cannot have everything in life. These two characters are different to the image and role of women during Hardys time. All the women have experienced failed relationships by the lack of commitment. Each of the women has become second best and has not experienced true love because of this. Sophy made sacrifices for her son, Rhoda has become second best to Gertrude and Milly was third best to Unity and Hannah. All the characters are perhaps viewed negatively by the local community. The character I respect the most is Rhoda because of her out going personality and the fact does not care what people think of her. In this essay I have investigated three main characters from the stories, The Withered Arm, Tony Kytes the Arch Deceiver and The Sons Veto. From this I have been able to identify any differences and similarities between the characters. The different female roles Hardy has explored through these short stories are realistic and believable, fore the particular time he has chosen to set them in. He has written about different situations and chosen carefully the types of personalities his characters will have. H. employs specific narrative techniques: he established historical distance Adopted a narrative technique called intradiegetical discourse which deploys an alternative internal narrator to the task of telling the tale. (local Historian, old surgeon,) He is master of this mode of discourse Narration structure:

15 Frequently Confused Pairs of Nouns

15 Frequently Confused Pairs of Nouns 15 Frequently Confused Pairs of Nouns 15 Frequently Confused Pairs of Nouns By Mark Nichol To help keep your writing crisp and precise, observe the distinctions between each pair of similar or closely associated words below: 1. admission/admittance: Admission is the act of being admitted, or allowed to join or enter; admittance is almost identical in meaning but is usually associated with permission (or lack thereof). 2. avocation/vocation: An avocation is a hobby or pursuit, as distinct from a vocation job or career. The former is derived from a word with the literal meaning of â€Å"called away,† and the latter is an antonym; it literally means â€Å"calling† and is related to the word voice. 3. bloc/block: Bloc refers to an alliance of people, groups, or countries. It is the French version of block, which may be but seldom is used to refer to the same concept. 4. bonds/bounds: A bond, among other meanings, is a restraint, so it is similar in meaning to bound, which means â€Å"extent, or limit† (as in boundary). But they are complementary, not interchangeable; one is bound with bonds. 5. cement/concrete: Technically, cement is the powder that constitutes the base of concrete, so any mass of material formed from a moistened mixture of cement and other ingredients should be referred to as concrete. 6. crevice/crevasse: A crevice is a narrow crack; crevasse, from the French version of the word, is a specific term for a large fissure in the ground or in ice. 7. dilemma/difficulty: A dilemma is a particular type of problem exacerbated by the fact that no solution is satisfactory. (The etymology of the word assumes only two possibilities, but it can apply to any number.) The term sometimes applies to any difficult decision but like many words is best reserved for a usefully distinct meaning. 8. dogma/doctrine: Dogma is employed as a synonym for doctrine especially in religious contexts, but the definition of the latter is â€Å"a statement or principle,† and the former often has the connotation of repressively authoritarian, rather than authoritative, opinion. (There’s another distinctive pair of words the former meaning â€Å"absolute† and the latter referring to expertise.) 9. ecology/environment: These words are often used interchangeably, but ecology has the more distinct connotation of a system of interrelationship between an environment and the organisms that inhabit it. 10. elegy/eulogy: An elegy is a sorrowful composition, usually for a person or a personification that is literally or figuratively dead. A eulogy, on the other hand, is a statement of praise for a deceased person. 11. empathy/sympathy: Empathy refers to the action of vicariously experiencing the thoughts and emotions of another, and the capacity for doing so, whereas sympathy is the mere act of consolation or feeling compassion. 12. ethics/morals: Ethics are, collectively, the principles of conduct according to a philosophy of moral behavior. The distinction between the two terms is one of theory as opposed to practice. 13. gamut/gauntlet: A gamut is a range. A gauntlet (or gantlet) is a glove. Confusion between the two unrelated words stems from the fact that you can run either one: To run the gamut is to move along a spectrum of choices; to run the gauntlet is to endure the punishment of literally or figuratively passing through a series of ordeals. (Originally, it referred to a double line of soldiers who rained blows on the victim.) 14. review/revue: The latter word is derived from the French form of the former term, but in the sense of a form of entertainment involving songs, skits, and other performances usually commenting on recent publicized events, only it is applicable. A similar production might be termed something like â€Å"The Year in Review,† but a production of musical and/or comical pieces is a revue. 15. tenant/tenet: These terms, unrelated in meaning, do share etymology: Each stems from the Latin word for â€Å"to hold,† the same one that is the root of tenacious. But a tenant is a person or other entity that holds property, and a tenet is an idea held to be true. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Slang Terms for Money5 Lessons for Mixing Past and Present TenseEnglish Grammar 101: Sentences, Clauses and Phrases

As far as the critical analysis, I want you to choose an article that Assignment

As far as the critical analysis, I want you to choose an article that addresses issues families or individuals in rural communities face in regards to healthcare - Assignment Example One thinks that the author used appropriate sources of information. The policies and programs of the government mentioned in the article are relevant in the topic being discussed. The government programs that are cited give value to the ideas communicated by the author. The arguments presented are adequately supported by studies and literatures in the field of interest. Table 1 which outlined the reasons for choosing rural nursing practice and Table 2 which showed the challenges associated with rural nursing practice were helpful in driving the message that the author wishes to convey. It gives a clear picture of the state of nurses in rural communities. I find the article very meaningful because it gives me a clearer understanding about the difficulties faced by rural nurses as opposed those working in the urban areas. It made me sympathize with them regarding the challenges that they face, yet still choosing to have a career in rural areas, when they in fact have a choice. I also feel that the government must do their part in supporting these rural practitioners. Although private institutions can help through educational support for nurses, I believe that a greater part of the funding should come from the government. Rural nurses contribute a lot to the healthcare services of rural areas, especially in the absence of physicians. If the government cannot support them, the rural areas will not have access to quality healthcare service. Government should think of incentives for rural nurses so that our country can expect an increase in their number. Government should coordinate with the regional medical directors and the rural nurses themselves and conduct a needs assessment in rural areas to determine the training and professional skills needed by the nurses serving in the remote areas. Medical educational institutions must also be supportive in this area. This article has enlightened me

Are corporations obliged to help combat social problems Is factory Annotated Bibliography

Are corporations obliged to help combat social problems Is factory farming morally justifiable When are wages fair - Annotated Bibliography Example Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 98: Issue 3: pp 513 – 530. Kaptein’s article offers a great and in-depth analysis of employees and organizations’ role in reporting wrongdoings. According to Kaptein, employees are crucial in detecting and reporting wrongdoing in the workplace. The article purports that organizations must also create conditions that encourage employees to ‘blow the whistle’ once a wrongdoing is spotted. The article includes a detailed literature review on the number of wrongdoings exposed by employees across the world. These statistics highlight the crucial role played by employees on ‘blowing the whistle’, enabling readers to understand the exact role the employee should play when they encounter fraud. Ahmad, S., Smith, G. M., & Ismail, Z., 2012. ‘Internal Whistle-Blowing Intentions: A Study of Demographic and Individual Factors’, Journal of Modern Accounting and Auditing, Vol. 8, Issue 11, pp1632-1645. This article analyzes the topic on whistle blowing in the context of an auditor. It is important to note that much of editors’ work involves scrutinizing records for accuracy and fraud. The article uses an empirical approach to analyze those factors that move or hinder employees to take action (or not to). For instance, does age or gender influence whistle blowing behaviour among employees? It also analyzes other factors such as employees’ ethical judgment, locus of control and commitment to the organization. Although the research is an empirical study on the topic, it was not sufficiently detailed to provide a true picture of the whole situation. Participants in the study were from the same institution which could result to a biased view. This article introduces a legal dimension into the whistle blowing dilemma. The article reveals that in some countries such as Australia, Ghana and Malaysia, a law guiding employees on whistle blowing is

The Design Procedure for Fire Suppression Systems Research Paper

The Design Procedure for Fire Suppression Systems - Research Paper Example The team must unearth whether the process is a chemical synthesis or merely a mixing process. The team must also ascertain the pressure and temperature conditions of the raw materials. Accordingly, the project management team must proactively assess and understand the duration of the process and the role of each operation staffs. The team must also consider such factors as the existence of purification or drying step. The mechanism of packaging and storage, as well as storage of finished products, call for attention. In addition, it is significant to gain an understanding of the unit operation and process within the facility. Such information results from the study of process and instrumentation diagrams and narrative process description. Finally, there must be a complete list of hazardous materials. The list must be accompanied by chemical names, container type and size, and solution concentrations. Various codes and criteria particularly on the industrial and chemical plants provides critically relevant and essential information on the fire suppression and detection designs. FPE identifies the applicable codes as well as standards for a given industrial process and assists particular facility operators to fathom their respective and appropriate to particular situations. The codes and standard are in line with the understanding of engineering benchmarks for manufacturing procedures and facility design. The design and industrial operation also rests on the underwriting requirements. The FM Global datasheets are critical in determining the requirements for a range of industrial facilities that shapes the fire suppression designs. Underwriting standards presents valuable data against the hazards further impacting the fire suppression designs. Finally, the design process for fire suppression richly rests on the technical information from FM Global Datasheets 7-44

E-commerce Amazon Innovation

E-commerce Amazon Innovation Does it pay to be the first mover in e-commerce? The case of Amazon.com This case study outlines the advantages and disadvantages of the early adoption of e-commerce using Amazon.com as an example. According to a study, being first in the market does not guarantee large market share. According to Shankar et al leaders in the market for personal computers, video games were covered by late entrants. Hence, order of entry does not necessarily make sure a leadership in the market or continuing rewards. According to the author, imitation over rides innovation in the e-commerce bazaar due to quick technological innovation, fast movement of information and weak patenting laws. Innovation is some times seen as a risk due to the high cost, less chances of survival and imitation. First movers may be able to switch costs as step towards gaining an edge in the e-commerce market. However, that is not long term. It is most advantageous for companies to prevent transfer of knowledge gained through experience since this will create obstruction to new entrants and there will be few competitors. But this is not practical. On the other hand this may create barrier to company as it may continue to invest in obsolete technology. There may be advantages of not being first mover in the e-commerce market. It is very risky for a firm to enter the market when there is uncertainty. Followers learn from mistakes that first movers make and attract customers to towards their product by projecting incumbents product as inferior. First movers may have failures because of the same routines or patterns of conducting business as was before moving to e-commerce. Companies may need to change depending on the type of business, geographical area and cost. Amazon was one of the first companies to have an online book store and is very popular in the US. They do not have a physical store (Just a website), which would take order from customers. Amazon was the only online store that provided after sales service to customers when it allowed customers to search for books that were hard to find. It also offered comparative shopping where the site would give suggestions where else the book could be found. They also introduced member programs where a customer could earn commission by introducing customers to them after every purchase they make. Amazon believes that customers online look for brand names. They also maintained records of customers buying habits and purchase history. They have invested 40% of the revenue in brand building and customer loyalty. Since Amazon is first mover in the market it has set standards so that other can follow the same pattern. The strategies used by Amazon are such that they have a lot of repeat customers and the shoppers become used to buying from them. Innovating and patenting are very important to companies development. Many customers tend to buy from websites that are tried and tested rather than new websites. Hence, it is very important for new companies to follow strict rules and guidelines in order to show that they offer something unique and different from what others do. Reference: Kamel Mellahi, Michael Johnson Does it pay to be a first mover in eCommerce? The case of Amazon.com Coventry Business School, Coventry University, Coventry UK Management Decision 38/7 (2000) 445-452 MCB University Press ISSN 0025-1747

The Blitz and St Pauls Cathedral Essay example -- England Religion Pa

The Blitz and St Paul's Cathedral When the Blitz began over Britain in the fall of 1940, Londoners were frightened and unsure of what the Nazis had in store for them. However, their uneasy emotions would later change into feelings of nationalistic pride and perseverance, as London became a city full of active resistors to the Nazi forces. This change would be prompted from a variety of sources, including Winston Churchill, the media, as well as the emergence of inspirational symbols. St. Paul's Cathedral is undoubtedly the most powerful of these symbols, becoming a timeless image associated with the Blitz, encapsulating sentiments of hope and courage. LONDON THROUGH THE BLITZ The Campaign The Blitz on London started on September 7, 1940 and continued until May 1941, lasting a total of eight months. The goals of the Blitz were to "pound Britain into submission by bombing economic and civilian targets," and primarily to soften up the morale of the British people (Ray 9). However, "unlike other campaigns this was a contest mainly between Luftwaffe aircrews and British civilians, the one group skilled and the other untrained in killing" (Ray 9). Although the first bombs fell in August, the first mass attack, concentrated on the docklands area, occurred on September 7. Throughout the afternoon, 300 bombers, escorted by 600 fighters, dropped 300 tons of bombs on the docks downstream from Tower Bridge. These bombs ravaged the East End, creating a two-mile high wall of smoke that would serve as a landmark for the night raid. When the sun set, another 330 tons of high explosives and 440 canisters of incendiary bombs were dropped. The bombing rapidly escalated and continued for the next 57 consecutive nights, increasing in str... ...monument that is St. Paul's, the testament to the courage and pride of London, 1939-1945. However, while the size of St. Paul's dwarfs the memorial to the victims, for the people whose attention is caught by the unimposing memorial, the memorial and its message stand as the remembrance of the Blitz. The message of St. Paul's being an unintended monument to the London spirit during the Blitz is no longer heard. Works Cited Fitzgibbon, Constantine. The Blitz. London: Allan Wingate, 1957. Matthews, W. R. and W. M. Atkins. A History of St. Paul's Cathedral. London: Phoenix House, 1957. Neville, John. The Blitz: London Then and Now. London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1990. Ray, John. The Night Blitz 1940-1941. London: Arms and Armour Press, 1996. "The London Blitz, 1940," EyeWitness - history through the eyes of those who lived it, www.ibiscom.com (2001).

Engineering the Impossible

Cities Inside a City Engineering the Impossible focused on three incredible, yet physically possible, engineering projects: the 170-story Millennium Tower, the nine mile (14 km)-long Gibraltar Bridge, and the 4000+-foot-long Freedom Ship. Millenium Tower Imagine a skyscraper almost twice the size of the Empire State Building. This colossus would be a city within a city, hosting its own hospitals, schools, and a range of entertainment and retail options large enough to attract and keep the traffic necessary for the financial success of such an endeavor. Stats:Height: 2,755 feet, 170 stories Resident Population: 52,000 Elevator Traffic: 100,000 people per day Location: Hong Kong Harbor Closest Living Relative: Petronas Towers, Kuala Lampur (1,483 feet, 88 stories) Construction Duration: Approximately 10 years Cost: $10 billion Beyond the physical challenges of building the tallest skyscraper in the world, it will only be successful if it attracts residents, tourists and offices. The Mi llennium Tower needs to offer many choices to make it a destination of choice. Residents can go to not just one grocery store, but many.Office workers can browse a few clothing stores on their level or the same amount 30 floors up. Tourists can find the movie they want in at least one of the many theaters available. Designers say Millennium Tower will house as many options as you'd find in several city blocks. Construction of the Millennium Tower will include traditional building techniques, that, in this case, will put ironworkers thousands of feet in the air to place 5-ton girders with a minimum of safety gear. But engineers are planning to also use a new technology — building by computer.The Self-Rising Factory is a set of computerized cranes and lifts surrounded by a weatherproof enclosure. According to a precise schedule, the steel beams are essentially handed to the machinery which then places them for workers to bolt together. Once the beams and concrete panels for eac h floor are complete, the machinery hoists the entire structure and the process starts over. Gibraltar Bridge A bridge spanning 9 miles over the Straits of Gibraltar at the entryway to the Mediterranean would be the longest and tallest ever built.It would connect cultures of Christianity and Islam and potentially increase ties between the economies of Europe and Africa. Stats: Location: Strait of Gibraltar. Links Spain and Morocco. Length: 9 miles, Two spans of 4 1/2 miles each Height: Each tower is 3,000 feet tall (twice as high as the world's tallest skyscraper) Width: 5 traffic lanes, 2 breakdown lanes in each direction Road Deck Material: Fiberglass Length of Wire Cables: 1,000,000 miles (Enough to circle the Earth almost 30 times) Closest living relative: Akashi bridge in Japan, world's longest suspension bridge at 12,828 feet.Cost: $15 billion Dangers: Wind speeds of 80 mph at tops of towers, ship collision, ocean currents, traffic, Sahara Desert dust storms Building a bridge the size and configuration of Gibraltar Bridge is usually protected by artificial islands so that ships run aground before they can do any damage to the structure. But building an artificial island in the ocean isn't an option. Instead designers envision a ring of underwater bumpers to withstand ship collisions. This could be impossible to span a 9-mile bridge but actually, they can.When determining the exact size of the bridge, designers had to choose between a shallow area that spanned 20 miles, which would have meant many piers in a busy shipping zone, and a narrow portion that's 2,700 feet deep. But designers lucked out. After closer inspection of the narrow portion revealed an underwater â€Å"mountain† in the center that could hold the center piers, dividing the bridge into to spans of 4 1/2 miles each. 5 lanes of traffic in either direction will flow over a roadbed made of spun glass.Fiberglass materials of this sort are rated 5 times stronger than concrete, and any cr acks or other damage could be isolated due to its web-like internal structure. Engineers say fiberglass bridge materials can last up to 100 years. They're also easier to install. A concrete roadway on the Gibraltar Bridge would take 3 months to pour as opposed to a few days or weeks with fiberglass. Freedom Ship Freedom Ship's designers originally planned to create an island community to provide Hong Kong-based businesses a place to relocate if the handover of that city to China were to make life difficult for them.When they applied the same model to a moving sea platform, they ended up with what would be the largest ocean-going vessel ever constructed — the minimum requirement for a city at sea. Stats: Length: Approximately 1 mile Width: 3 city blocks (4,320 feet) Height: 25 stories Weight: 3 million tons Volume: Titanic, Queen Mary, USS Nimitz and super-tanker Jahre Viking would all fit comfortably inside. Population: 50,000 residents, 15,000 workers, 20,000 visitors/day Co nstruction: Hull composed of 600 120'x100†² steel cells bolted together.Location: Circles globe every two years Closest Living Relative: Japan's Megafloat Airport, Tokyo Bay (1km long, 70 meters wide, 20 meters depth) (Series of interlocking pressurized steel boxes) Power: 100 electric podded propulsers at 3500 horsepower each. Cost: $9 billion Freedom Ship's designers say it will be able to handle tidal waves and large-scale hurricanes by steering out of their way to avoid them altogether. If a confrontation is unavoidable, they'll turn all of the ship's 100 propellers, pointing towards the center of the ship for stability.The ship's hull is composed of 600 huge air-tight steel boxes. A significant number of these would have to be punctured before residents noticed anything amiss. Freedom Ship's designers call it a floating sea platform. In simliar design, Japan's MegaFloat airport id built out of steel boxes bolted together to form a surface on the water. Whereas the airport is moored to keep it from drifting, Freedom Ship would be mobile. A structure this size couldn't be built in a traditional manner at a shipbuilding facility and subsequently be lauched into the sea.The construction on this project would instead take place in the water, with large pieces floated out to be attached on the site. Freedom Ship's designers aim to create a new lifestyle. Residents will have a homelife while constantly traveling. The ship would be like a â€Å"Disneyland† offshore, entertaining tourists with the amenities of a resort while residents enjoy daytrips in each port. If successfully built The Freedom Ship will be the largest ocean going vessel in history, it will become a luxury city afloat travelling the world.

Satisfactory Academic Appeal Form

May I respectfully ask for your patience and understanding as I explain my justifications for appealing to you. In essence, I will be discussing one major issue that influenced my two subjects. I pray that this will greatly shed light and not give a lopsided or biased point-of-view of my present predicament. As the facts evidently point out, I have had extreme difficulty in both, my History and Psychology classes. In this regard, I have spent much time contemplating on the parameters that insinuate the validity or invalidity of my claims with reference to the situations and reasons stated in the Satisfactory Academic Progress Appeal Form. As such, I deeply and strongly believe that my basis for appealing is legitimate and warrants your kind consideration. Allow me to first state that English is not my first language. Therefore, I have great difficulty to both effectively communicate and to be communicated upon. With this reality, I honestly admit that it has taken me a vast amount of time and effort just to construct this appeal. This is thus the primary reason for my shortcomings in my academics. I have relentlessly tried to understand and speak with my professors to help me because of this reason. This is the case in my History class, where I find it hard to understand my professor with all the facts and events I as a student have to comprehend in the subject. The same case somehow reflects my problem in my Psychology class, as when my professor will recommend that I read the book every time I ask for his help. I feel that as much as my professors want to accommodate me, this communication barrier tends to be an overwhelming obstacle at times. This does not even account for the fact that I am not the only student they have. Let it be known that I have no intention of directing my inadequacy on my professors. This is not an interpersonal problem with them. I have no queries on whether or not my professors’ styles of teaching are hard or not. My only concern is centered upon my own faults that have become detrimental to my performance and growth not just as a student, but as a person as well. Therefore, I appeal to your compassionate and understanding heart for the consideration of my case. I only hope that you grant me this new opportunity to be a good student and a better person. I place my future in your hands. Thank you very much for then attention you have generously granted to me.